托福聽力｜5大方法徹底解決你的托福聽力痛點

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不少缺乏備考經驗的同學，在開始接觸托福TPO時，就隨便挑一套TPO開始做題，而且一套接著一套地狂刷，也把自己的信心刷沒了！

其實托福TPO不僅是每位考生托福程度的檢測工具之外，在備考期間，它扮演更重要角色是學習素材。面對這個最貼近真實托福考試的學習素材，如果能有效運用TPO，對於托福的學習和備考將有極大的幫助。

對托福TPO的運用，從文本角度來看，我們主要進行「精聽練習」、「結構整理」和「考點分佈」等工作。而從題目角度來看，我們需要對做錯的題目（含猜對的）做出錯題分析總結。每次做完TPO，不要只是單純滿足正確率和分數，更要試著發現每道錯題的原因，找出錯誤的根源，才能通過一道題解決同一類的問題，舉一反三，讓學習事半功倍。

對於每道錯題分析，基本上可以按照以下五個方法找到錯題根源：

1. 聽不懂？

2. 沒重點？

3. 記不住？

4. 找不到？

5. 認不出？

根源 1：聽不懂？

最基本的錯因就是“聽不懂”，包含某部分資訊完全沒有聽到、聽不完整。如果因為這個原因做錯題目，我們需要在“背單字”和“精聽”兩個方面下功夫，先解決聽懂的問題。
 

聽懂雖然不是考好托福聽力的唯一方法，但是是最重要的基礎，只有我們做到聽懂，後面其他潛在的“記住資訊”、“把握考試規律”、“解題思路”的潛在問題才會浮出水面，才有辦法一個一個對症下藥。
 

換言之，如果“聽懂”有很大問題，其他方面的問題都可能被“聽不懂”所掩蓋。做好“聽懂”，大家一定要按照老師的建議，用好的方法背單字，用正確方法做精聽，並且要有耐心堅持，累計一定的量，按每天2篇的量計算，兩週為一個單位，會有一個分數段的提升。
 

根源 2：沒重點？

有的同學誤以為“聽懂”層面的問題解決，就能得滿分。其實“記住”和“做對”也是必不可少的能力。上面提到的後四個環節，就落在“記住”和“做對”。解決“識別不出重點”這個問題，依賴於我們對不同屬性資訊的認知和劃分、考點分佈以及考點考察方式的把握，大家要熟練掌握、熟悉於心，才能在聽到相應資訊時，即時聽出重點。如果在做錯題分析時發現容易因為這方面原因導致錯題，一定要複習課堂筆記，熟悉以上提到的知識點。

根源 3：記不住？

錯題的第三個原因：“記不住”，這也是很多同學容易遇到的問題。“記住”分為“腦記”和“筆記”。“腦記”的訓練在於我們精做句子聽寫時，聽覺記憶容量的提升；而“筆記”則是考試時對重點（即考點）的判斷，以及對筆記資訊篩選的運用和練習。如果在“記住”這個部分容易出錯，一定要檢查好自己的句子聽寫方法是否正確，要熟悉筆記過濾重要資訊原則，做好筆記優化。
 

根源 4：找不到？

錯因“找不到”是屬於「定位」和「解題步驟」問題，大家在聽的過程要留意關鍵字、識別關鍵字、捕捉關鍵字，在解題過程中依據解題步驟：

(1) 讀懂題目

(2) 找到定位詞

(3) 鎖定範圍

(4) 在範圍內找答案對應資訊，通過正確的思路快速精準找到正確答案對應的文本。
關於正確定位，前提必須對文章結構有清楚的把握，和對段落層次能準確劃分。把握清楚每個段落的起止，才能在一個正確的“範圍”找出答案。

根源 5：認不出？

最後是“認不出”的問題，有的同學做題目時側重答案與文本的“字對應”或“片語對應”，致使做選擇時“重形式、輕語意”。有的同學容易在看選項時，發現某個選項裡面沒有自己印象深刻的字或片語，就直接把選項排除；其實托福聽力正確選項很多時候是對應文本資訊的“同義替換”，這類選項雖然沒有重現原文的字或片語，但仔細閱讀選項就可以知道其實與原文對應的字句意思是一樣的。

以上是做托福聽力題目後，檢查錯題分析的5大根源。幫大家清楚分析後，同學自己在家做練習時，可以從這幾方面著手檢查分析。希望大家不僅停留於做過題目，也要學會做透題目。

托福口說｜敘述答題時的4大技巧

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1. 儘量按照「總-分」的結構進行敘述，單刀直入，這也是西方人習慣的表達方式

所謂「總」就是由一句主題句引出觀點與核心，讓考官清楚得知你要敘述的主題是什麼，一開始就打下良好的基礎。如果在考題中出現問題，則開門見山直接回答問題，切入主題，闡明自己的觀點。而「分」就是為這一句主題句開始分論說明，詳細敘述、理清層次。當然如果有多餘的時間，則可再增添一句總結，使敘述詳盡完整。
 

2. 在敘述的過程中應該合理地利用邏輯連接詞，使文章邏輯順暢、條理清晰。

台灣人說話習慣靠上下文去分析句與句之間的關係，但西方人不同，他們習慣用邏輯連接詞來表達句子關係。如果按照台灣人的思維去說英語，在外國人看來就是一堆雜亂無章的句子，當然這樣的分數就會不好看。在敘述論點之前，儘量在草稿上簡單羅列，講述時由淺而深，增強邏輯性與條理性。所以，在練習口說的過程中，最好有一位老師在旁輔導，為你糾正口音以及語言習慣等問題。
 

3. 描述時儘量將抽象的話具體化

不能很空泛地喊口號做呼籲，西方人習慣十分具體生動的描述，如描述環境很美，不應該只是說“it’s beautiful outside”，應該具體描述如何優美，比如去描述花、草、流水、小動物等細節，增強生動性。

4. 面對範圍十分廣泛的問題時，許多考生會覺得十分難以開口，讓時間白白流失，痛失分數

針對這類問題，應該將問題縮小到一個具體的事物進行敘述和討論，縮小問題、尋找突破口，這種方法也是所有廣泛問題的應對方式。

托福寫作｜托福整合型寫作的聽力如何抄寫筆記？3大關鍵點直接突破盲點

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對於托福整合型寫作而言，聽力的內容要比閱讀的內容重要很多。因為聽力內容細節的全面與否，決定了綜合寫作是否可以獲得理想的分數。在此分析一下關於綜合寫作的聽力部分，大家該聽什麼？以及如何去做筆記。 

1. 托福綜合寫作聽力部分聽什麼?

對於綜合寫作聽力部分的內容，首先需要聽清楚總觀點，也就是最主要的核心。雖然我們都知道總觀點與閱讀總觀點常常相反 (但有時候也出現同意的狀況)，而且很多情況下都是一句話直接說“閱讀中的觀點不對”，

比如：TPO 5中，總觀點為：

Unfortunately, none of the arguments about …is convincing.

但是，有的聽力總觀點所表達的內容還是比較“囉嗦”的，比如TPO6中：

the criticisms in the reading are largely the result of prejudice against and ignorance about how for online encyclopedias have come.

在考試過程中，學生如果沒有很精準、很完整地聽懂總觀點的內容，在寫作時，可以用一句話帶過：

the three points listed in the reading passage are not convincing.

但是建議學生最好能夠清楚準確地表達總觀點的內容。

2. 托福綜合寫作的聽力部分「關鍵字提點」

對於總觀點，有些關鍵字是值得在練習或考試時注意的：

(1) 否定詞

– never
– cannot(這個詞有時候會變成can hardly，很多考生在聽力過程中，對於hardly這個詞還不太能很快地反應過來)
– will not (這個字很多情況下會變成won’t，而“t”的讀音會很輕，所以有時候學生很難聽出)
 

(2) 轉折詞

轉折詞後面出重點，所以這類詞還是必須留意一下：
– but
– however
– nevertheless
– nonetheless
與此類詞相近的一個詞為unfortunately。

(3) 作者態度詞

「態度詞」顧名思義，表示作者態度的一些字詞，在整合型作文中經常出現的態度詞包含：
– convincing
– adequate
– questionable
– skeptical
– exaggerated

3. 托福綜合寫作聽力內容細節如何轉述?

  相對來說，總觀點還是比較容易聽出來的，只要能夠對於上面總結的一些關鍵詞保持敏銳度，基本沒就有什麼問題。但是整合型寫作最關鍵的內容，應該是三個分論點，以及三個分論點後面所有的細節，而細節往往包含兩個部分：解釋和舉例。

對於分論點難度不大，每段首句即為分論點，所以不難聽出，但是需要學生注意的是：有時候分論點不是一個完整句子，可能是一個詞或者一個片語，所以聽到的時候不要覺得奇怪。
 

對於分論點句後面的細節，考試時一定要盡可能全面的含概。

對於細節部分的解釋、關鍵字或者片語可以概括為：
– because
– let’s be honest
– to be honest
– the reason is…
– the real point is…
– you see……
也就是說，只要聽到這些字都必須提高警覺，盡可能將後面出現的解釋內容，用簡潔並具邏輯性的筆記加以記錄。
 

   對於細節部分的舉例，關鍵字包含：
– for example
– for instance
– such as
– like
– say……，這些字的內容也要加以記錄。

除此之外，需要特別注意的是：

(1) 重覆出現的字，要注意可能是同義字的形式

(2) 最高級，唯一絕對性的單字

(3) 問答內容，即作者可能會拋出一個問題，然後立刻加以回答

(4) 表示對比的關鍵字，往往是來反駁對方觀點的，如while, in contrast等等

(5) 特殊停頓，當演講者停頓或放慢語速時，往往是用來強調

(6) 重讀，加重語氣的內容，往往也是用來強調的。

以上就是托福整合寫作中聽力部分的內容記錄，和寫作要點分析介紹，希望能夠解決大家的問題，往高分邁進。

托福口說｜最容易犯的4個文法錯誤

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托福口說是考生出現文法錯誤的高危險地帶，比起寫作更容易因為一時口誤出現一些低級文法錯誤而被扣分。下面就和大家分析托福口說中的「4個常見文法錯誤」，各位夥伴一定要特別注意囉！

1. 句子前後不一致

  句子前後不一致是指一個句子前言不對後語，或是結構不順暢，這也是考生常犯的毛病。

《例》The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.

【解析】The fresh water 與逗號後的it 不連貫。It 與things 在單複數方面也不對。

【正確】Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

2. 指代物件不一致

這裡的指代對象不一致，主要是代名詞與被指代的人或物關係不清楚，或者先後所用的代名詞不一致。這一點真的是大家很容易犯的錯誤：

《例1》Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. (瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因為她要她做她的伴娘。)

【解析】 My God~考官聽完上面這句話，應該已昏…因為他無法明確判斷兩位中誰將結婚、誰將當伴娘？如果我們把容易引起誤解的代名詞所指的物件加以明確說明，意思就一目瞭然了。

【正確】Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
 

《例2》We can also know the society by serving it yourself.

【解析】句中人稱代名詞we 和反身代詞yourself不一致。

【正確】We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

3. 主動詞不一致

《例》When one have money, he can do what he want to. (人一旦有了錢，他想做什麼就做什麼。)

【解析】one是第三人稱單數，本句的have應改為has。同樣地，want應改為wants，這個舉例是典型的主動詞不一致。因為在中文裡沒有第三人稱單數之分，因此很容易犯了這樣的錯誤也不自知。

【正確】Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
 

4. 詞性不一致

“詞性不一致”常表現為：介系詞當動詞用、形容詞當副詞用、名詞當動詞用等。

例：None can negative the importance of money.

【解析】negative 為形容詞，錯誤使用成為動詞。

【正確】None can deny the importance of money.
 

以上這4點就是托福口說中最常見的文法錯誤，各位夥伴應該特別留意，在口說表達時盡量避免，提高托福口說測驗的正確率和分數。

 托福聽力｜一次搞懂托福聽力10大出題點 (1-5)

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托福聽力測驗中，每個conversation和lecture的出題考點都是有規律的，相信題目做多的同學，都能自己總結出一些結果來。

筆記至關重要，好的筆記思路清晰，可以説明你瞭解聽力內容的結構。

同時，考點在出題時是按順序出的，因此筆記可以説明我們排除一些干擾選項，比如第2題中的某個選項中出現了聽力較後部分出現的名詞或事件，那這個選項必定是錯的。

出題點1：conversation/lecture開頭，對應全文主旨題

這一考點基本上大家都知道，主旨題就是第一題，差不多只有三種問法：

1. What’s the main purpose of the lecture?

2. What does the conversation/lecture mainly about?

3. Why does the student go to see the professor?

主旨題對應的句子在聽力內容的開頭部分，大約2-3句話。所以每段聽力內容一開始極其重要，千萬不要恍神。

在conversation中，一般情況下professor會先跟學生閒聊，比如問一下最近參加的某某的活動怎麼樣啦，上次考試的感覺如何啦等等，這些都是與主旨無關的，直到學生自己講到I come to see you because I have a problem /question that…這之類的話，這時候就要注意聽，因為考點出現了，學生所講到的就是全文主旨。

在lecture中，professor一般會先回顧上節課所學的內容，會講一大段，這些都是無用資訊，完全不用聽，一般是Last class we talked about / discussed / focused on…但是在這個部分ETS真是變態到家了，教授要麼是講得很快，要麼是專業術語特多，其實就是為了迷惑考生，沒聽懂千萬別緊張，因為重點在後面，當講到today we will continue/shift to/focus on…, 這裡就要開始記錄了，professor開始講這節課要學的內容了。

出題點2：conversation/lecture結尾，對應倒數第2、第3題

ETS特愛在結尾出題，進度快走到盡頭時，千萬別鬆懈。不要因為自己前面聽得特別好，筆記記得特別完整，就開始飄飄然爽歪歪，結尾說了啥全忽略了，如此一來，這篇聽力就至少要錯一題，這不是捶胸鈍心肝嗎！

所以結尾的資訊一定不能漏。

在conversation結尾，通常學生會提到他下面要做的事，這裡很容易出個題，就問學生下一步會去做什麼，這裡要是沒聽到就只能瞎猜了。不過還好，大多數情況下，通過推理還是能選出正確選項的。

而在lecture中，結尾就沒那麼簡單了。

一篇lecture大概5-6分鐘，是截選一節課的內容，所以結尾處的時候課堂還在繼續，教授仍舊在講新的內容，不像conversation學生已經跟老師說拜拜了。因此這裡要多加注意。

出題點3：lecture中間：學生半路殺出來問一個問題—對應imply題或者function題，100%考點

1. professor的態度

一般情況下老師的態度會十分詭異，比如突然傻笑，或者輕蔑的說一句不著邊際很短的話，當時可能會反應不過來他是什麼意思。但是別緊張，反正做題的時候還會再放一遍，關於教授的態度一般會出imply題，比如：

1. What does the professor imply/mean when he/she says this?

2. Why does the professor say this?

舉個例子，教授在後面講了一個definition, 那麼很有可能他前面是在暗示學生對概念的理解有問題，於是他clarify了一下；或者老師在後面轉變了一個話題，那麼很有可能前面就是在暗示他要轉移重點了。

因此當我們聽到imply的出題點的時候，一定要注意教授後面的講解，並適當做筆記。

2. professor下面的回答

如果教授說道it’s a fair question之類的話，下面他就要開始狂扯了，那麼恭喜你，你找到了考點，通常教授的回答會是例子+觀點/觀點+例子。這裡可能會出功能題，就是問professor舉這個例子有啥用。關於例子也是一個出題點，後面會細講。

關於這個考點在記筆記的時候，一般可以打個星號標記，然後寫S:Q表示學生問了個問題，然後在下面記P:代表professor，然後寫教授的觀點和例子。

出題點4：conversation/lecture中間，出現強調句型or形容詞最高級，對應細節題

聽到professor用強調句型的時候就絕對要注意了，

例如：

This is the first time…

One thing important is…

You should remember/notice/keep in mind that…

這種句型後面強調的一定是重點，考的幾率非常大，必須做筆記。

同樣，用到形容詞最高級，比如the biggest, the most important之類的詞語時也很重要。

這些地方一般會出細節題，就是問你一些重要的資訊。沒有一定出題方式，根據不同聽力內容變化。

出題點5：lecture中間，professor舉的例子，對應功能題

Professor舉例子的時候一定要把例子記下來，並且要知道他在例子之前說了什麼，因為例子論證的一般都是前面的觀點。

舉例子的關鍵字有for example, for instance等等，表示下面要開始講例子了，聽到這些片語就要趕緊抓起筆準備記錄啦！別等他開始講了才急忙地開始，完全影響聽力的效率。

還有在example中也有一些重點詞語要注意，比如then, so, in this way, ok, the next stage, well等等，包括一些邏輯詞，都是關鍵點。

這個考點出題的時候一般會問:

1. Why does the professor use the example of…?

2. What does the professor want to illustrate when he/she uses the example of…?
 

也就是問這些例子的作用。例子的作用眾所周知，都是證明觀點，所以在聽例子的同時要知道professor的觀點是什麼，這道題就迎刃而解了。

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2020-2021因為新冠肺炎疫情的影響，美國高等院校陸續公佈標準化考試接連取消，或者採“Test-Optional”。這也代表了其他申請文書資料例如essay，就變得更加重要了。

隨著申請高峰期的到來，越來越多的美國大學也公佈了essay的題目。福爾摩思學院陸續從各大學的網站，彙整了30幾所大學的essay題目，讓大家可以快速瀏覽每間學校的要求喔！
 

2020-2021 First-Year Application Writing Prompts

1. We are looking for passionate students to join our diverse community of scholars, researchers, and artists. Answer the question that corresponds to the school/program to which you are applying in a half page or roughly 250 words.

College of Arts and Sciences：

What work of art, music, science, mathematics, literature, or other media has surprised, unsettled, or inspired you, and in what way?

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences：

Describe an engineering feat that serves the common good and why it inspires you to study engineering.

School of Architecture：

Describe significant experience that deepened your interest in studying in the School of Architecture.

School of Nursing：

Describe a health care-related experience or another significant interaction that deepened your interest in studying nursing.

Kinesiology Program：

Discuss experiences that led you to apply to the kinesiology major. 

2. Answer one of the following questions in a half page or roughly 250 words.

What’s your favorite word and why?
 

We are a community with quirks, both in language and in traditions. Describe one of your quirks and why it is part of who you are.
 

Student self-governance, which encourages student investment and initiative, is a hallmark of the UVA culture. In her fourth year at UVA, Laura Nelson was inspired to create Flash Seminars, one-time classes which facilitate high-energy discussion about thought-provoking topics outside of traditional coursework. If you created a Flash Seminar, what idea would you explore and why?
 

UVA students paint messages on Beta Bridge when they want to share information with our community. What would you paint on Beta Bridge and why is this your message?
 

Rita Dove, UVA English professor and former U.S. Poet Laureate, once said in an interview that “…there are times in life when, instead of complaining, you do something about your complaints.” Describe a time when, instead of complaining, you took action for the greater good.

A.Which aspects of the Tufts undergraduate experience prompt your application? In short, ‘Why Tufts?’（100-150字）
B. 三選一（200-250字）

1. From recognizing break dancing as a new Olympic sport, to representation in media, to issues of accessibility in our public transit systems, what is something that you can talk about endlessly? What do you care about and why?
2. Whether you’ve built circuit boards or written slam poetry, created a community event or designed mixed media installations, tell us: What have you designed, invented, engineered, or produced? Or what do you hope to?
3. We all have a story to tell. And with over 5,000 undergraduate students on our campus, that is over 5,000 stories to share and learn. What’s yours?

We’ve selected the following prompts for the UNC-specific portion for the first-year and transfer application for 2020-2021. We aspire to build a diverse and inclusive community at Carolina and believe that students can only achieve their best when they learn alongside students from different backgrounds. In reading your responses, we hope to learn what being a member of such a community would mean to you.
 

UNC-specific short answer prompts: You’ll choose two of the following prompts to respond to in 200-250 words.

Expand on an aspect of your identity – for example, your religion, culture, race, sexual or gender identity, affinity group, etc. How has this aspect of your identity shaped your life experiences thus far?

If you could change one thing about where you live, what would it be and why?

Describe someone who you see as a community builder. What actions has that person taken? How has their work made a difference in your life?

The writing supplement topics for the 2020-2021 application cycle (400 word limit):

1. Great art evokes a sense of wonder. It nourishes the mind and spirit. Is there a particular song, poem, speech, or novel from which you have drawn insight or inspiration?

2. When you choose a college, you will join a new community of people who have different backgrounds, experiences, and stories. What is it about your background, your experiences, or your story, that will enrich Boston College’s community?

3. Boston College strives to provide an undergraduate learning experience emphasizing the liberal arts, quality teaching, personal formation, and engagement of critical issues. If you had the opportunity to create your own college course, what enduring question or contemporary problem would you address and why?

4. Jesuit education considers the liberal arts a pathway to intellectual growth and character formation. What beliefs and values inform your decisions and actions today, and how will Boston College assist you in becoming a person who thinks and acts for the common good?

5. For Human-Centered Engineering major applicants only: One goal of a Jesuit education is to prepare students to serve the Common Good. Human-Centered Engineering at Boston College strives to develop people who will integrate technical knowledge, creativity, and a humanistic perspective to address societal challenges and opportunities. How would a Boston College engineering education enable you to contribute towards these goals?

Please describe why you are interested in attending Tulane University (optional) (800 words)

Tell us why you would like to attend the University of Wisconsin–Madison. In addition, please include why you are interested in studying the major(s) you have selected. If you selected undecided, please describe your areas of possible academic interest.

A. 四選一（250 words）
1. What is the truest thing that you know? How did you come to this conclusion?

2. Villanovans are known for “holding doors open” because inclusion is at the core of who we are. Take us on a journey through your background and describe how your life experience has shaped your understanding of the word “inclusion”.

3. Generation Z is arguably the most technologically savvy cohort in history. They find answers to questions, discover troves of new music, or even start the next global social movement, all within seconds. How has this seemingly limitless connectivity influenced the person you have become?

4. In St. Augustine’s book Confessions, one of the themes is the idea of redemption and second chances. Tell us a story about second chances. It can be your experience or one that you have come across through others or through media.

B. Why do you want to call Villanova your new home and become part of our community? （100 words）

250-300 words，不超過40行：
1. Why are you interested in the major you indicated as your first-choice major?
2. Leadership can be demonstrated in many ways. Please share how you have demonstrated leadership in either your school, job, community, and/or within your family responsibilities.
3. Please share how you believe your experiences, perspectives, and/or talents have shaped your ability to contribute to and enrich the learning environment at UT Austin, both in and out of the classroom.

可選（250-300 words，不超過40行）：

Please share background on events or special circumstances that may have impacted your high school academic performance.

The college admissions process can create anxiety. In an attempt to make it less stressful, please tell us an interesting or amusing story about yourself from your high school years that you have not already shared in your application.（200-300 words)


Your moment has arrived. Share with us the moments or experiences that have led you to apply to Babson College.（500 words)

二選一（250-600 words）
1. We live in an urban-global age with more than half of the planet’s people living in cities. Trinity College is an urban liberal arts college deeply engaged with the local community and committed to making an impact across the world.  How do you aspire to use your education to impact local and global communities?

2. Our mission states:  “Engage. Connect. Transform. As the preeminent liberal arts college in an urban setting, Trinity College prepares students to be bold, independent thinkers who lead transformative lives.” Keeping the three pillars of the mission in mind, how do you see yourself contributing to the Trinity community?

1. Who or what influenced you to apply to Syracuse University? （250 words）
2. Who is the person you dream of becoming and how do you believe Syracuse University can help you achieve this? （250 words） 

1. Please tell us why you want to attend UMass Amherst（100 words）
2. Please tell us why you chose the major you did（100 words）

Tell a story from your life, describing an experience that either demonstrates your character or helped to shape it.（500 words)

Our families and communities often define us and our individual worlds. Community might refer to your cultural group, extended family, religious group, neighborhood or school, sports team or club, co-workers, etc. Describe the world you come from and how you, as a product of it, might add to the diversity of the UW.(300 words)

可選，個人其他補充資訊（200 words）：
You are not required to write anything in this section, but you may include additional information if something has particular significance to you. For example, you may use this space if:
1.You have experienced personal hardships in attaining your education
2.Your activities have been limited because of work or family obligations
3.You have experienced unusual limitations or opportunities unique to the schools you attended

【註】以上題目彙整自各大學院校網站，僅供參考，正確資訊以各大學院校官網為主。